Protective and therapeutic Effects of Fucoidan , brown algae extract , against Diclofenac sodium hepatonephrotoxicity in rat

Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided randomly into five groups to asses the protective and therapeutic effects of fucoidan against diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephrotoxicity. Elevated serum enzyme, increase expression of TLR4, massive hepatic necrosis, fibrosis, calcified mitochondria besides nephritis and coagulative necrosis of renal epithelium were noticed in rats intramuscularly (IM) injected with diclofenac sodium (50mg/ kg. B. wt.). Fucoidan administration prior and simultaneously with diclofenac sodium ameliorated the induced hepatonephropathy. It lowered the serum enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation besides restoring the normal histological structure. Fucoidan (therapeutic trials) slightly ameliorated the effects previously induced by diclofenac sodium when compared with the protective trial. TLR4 mRNA expression, measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was significantly decreased in the rat's liver of the protective and therapeutic groups when compared with the diclofenac sodium treated group. In conclusion, our finding proved that fucoidan administration prior and simultaneous or after diclofenac sodium induced a protective and therapeutic effects. Moreover, it reduced the hepatorenal damage through scavenging oxidative stressors and down regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR4.